Algeria

Angola

Benin

Botswana

Burkina Faso

Burundi

Cameroon

Cape Verde

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

Kenya

Liberia

So Tom & Prncipe

Zimbabwe

Algeria

Arabic, French, Berber dialects

Arab-Berber (99%); European (<1%)

Angola

Bantu, Portuguese

Ovimbundu (37%); Kimbundu (25%); Bakongo (13%); Mestico [Mixed European & Native African] (2%), European (1%), Other (22%)

Benin

French, African languages

African (99%) [42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba]; Europeans 5,500

Botswana

English, Setswana

Tswana [or Setswana] (79%); Kalanga (11%); Basarwa (3%); Other [incl Kgalagadi  White] (7%)

Burkina Faso

French, tribal languages

Mossi (>40%); Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, Fulani

Burundi

Kirundi, French, Swahili

Hutu [Bantu] (85%); Tutsi [Hamitic] (14%); Twa [Pygmy] (1%)

Cameroon

French, English; 24 major African language groups

Cameroon Highlanders (31%); Equatorial Bantu (19%); Kirdi (11%); Fulani (10%); Northwest Bantu (8%); Eastern Nigritic (7%); Other African (13%); Non-African (<1%)

Cape Verde

Portuguese, Criuolo

Creole [Mulatto] (71%);, African (28%); European (1%)

Central African Republic

French, Sangho, Arabic, Hansa, Swahili

Baya (33%); Banda (27%); Mandjia (13%); Sara (10%); Mboum (7%); M'Baka (4%); Yakoma (4%); Other (2%)

Chad

French, Arabic, more than 100 tribal languages

North & Center: Muslims [Arabs, Toubou, Hadjerai, Fulbe, Kotoko, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, Zaghawa, & Maba]; South: Non-Muslims [Sara (largest ethnic group, 25% of the population], Ngambaye, Mbaye, Goulaye, Moundang, Moussei, Massa]

Comoros

French, Arabic, Shikomoro (a blend of Swahili & Arabic)

Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava

Congo

French, Lingala, Kikongo, others

South: Kongo (48%); North: Sangha (20%); M'Bochi (12%); Center: Teke (17%); Europeans 8,500 (mostly French)

Congo, Democratic Republic of the

French Swahili, Lingala, Ishiluba, and Kikongo, others

200+ African ethnic groups [majority are Bantu]; the four largest tribes [Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), & the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic)] make up about 45% of the population

Cte d'Ivoire

French,  African languages (Diaula esp.)

Akan (42.1%); Voltaiques [Gur] (17.6%); Northern Mandes (16.5%); Krous (11%); Southern Mandes (10%); Other (2.8%) (incl 130K Lebanese & 20K French)

Djibouti

Arabic, French, Afar, Somali

Somali (60%); Afar (35%); French, Arab, Ethiopian & Italian (5%)

Equatorial Guinea

Spanish, French, pidgin English, Fang, Bubi, Creole

Bioko [primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos]; Ro Muni [primarily Fang]; Europeans <1,000 [mostly Spanish]

Egypt

Arabic

Eastern Hamitic stock [Egyptians, Bedouins, & Berbers] (99%); Greek, Nubian, Armenian, Other European [primarily Italian & French] (1%)

Eritrea

Afar, Bilen, Kunama, Nara, Arabic, Tobedawi, Saho, Tigre, Tigrinya

Ethnic Tigrinya (50%); Tigre & Kunama (40%); Afar (4%); Saho [Red Sea coast dwellers] (3%)

Ethiopia

Amharic, English, Orominga, Tigrigna, over 70 languages spoken

Oromo (40%); Amhara & Tigrean (32%); Sidamo (9%); Shankella (6%); Somali (6%); Afar (4%); Gurage (2%); Other (1%)

Gabon

French, Fang, Myene, Bateke, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi

Bantu tribes [incl four major tribal groupings: Fang, Punu, Nzeiby, Mbede (Obamba/ Bateke)]; Pygmies (0.7%); Naturalized Population (0.3%); Foreigners (15%)

Gambia, The

Native tongues, English

African (99%) [Mandinka (42%), Fula (18%), Wolof (16%), Jola (10%), Serahuli (9%), Other (4%)], Non-Gambian (1%)

Ghana

English, Native tongues (Brong Ahafo, Twi, Fanti, Ga, Ewe, Dagbani)

Black African (98.5%) [Major tribes: Akan (44%); Moshi-Dagomba (16%); Ewe (13%); Ga (8%); Gurma (3%), Yoruba (1%)], European & Other (1.5%) [1998]

Guinea

French, Native tongues (Malink, Susu, Fulani)

Peuhl (40%); Malinke (30%); Susu (20%); smaller tribes (10%)

Guinea-Bissau

Portuguese, Criolo, African languages

African (99%) [Balanta 30%, Fula 20%, Manjaca 14%, Mandinga 13%, Papel 7%]; European & Mulatto (<1%)

Kenya

English, Swahili (National), & several other languages spoken by 25 ethnic groups

Kikuyu (22%); Luhya (14%); Luo (13%); Kalenjin (12%); Kamba (11%); Kisii (6%); Meru (6%); Asian, European & Arab (1%); Other (15%)

Lesotho

English, Sesotho; also Zulu & Xhosa

Sotho (99.7%); Europeans 1,600, Asians 800

Liberia

English, tribal dialects

Indigenous African tribes (95%) [incl Kpelle, Bassa, Gio, Kru, Grebo, Mano, Krahn, Gola, Gbandi, Loma, Kissi, Vai, & Bella]; Americo-Liberians (5%) [descendants of former slaves]

Libya

Arabic, Italian & English widely understood in major cities

Berber & Arab (97%); Greeks, Maltese, Italians, Egyptians, Pakistanis, Turks, Indians, Tunisians

Madagascar

Malagasy & French

Malayo-Indonesian [Merina & related Betsileo], Cotiers [mixed African, Malayo-Indonesian, & Arab ancestry-Betsimisaraka, Tsimihety, Antaisaka, Sakalava], French, Indian, Creole, Comoran

Malawi

English & Chichewa

Chewa, Nyanja, Tumbuko, Yao, Lomwe, Sena, Tonga, Ngoni, Ngonde, Asian, European

Mali

French, African languages

Mande (50%) [Bambara, Malinke, Sarakole]; Peul (17%); Voltaic (12%); Songhai (6%); Tuareg & Moor (10%); Other (5%)

Mauritania

Arabic & Wolof; French

Mixed Maur/Black (40%); Maur (30%); Black (30%)

Mauritius

English, French; Creole, Hindi, Urdu, Hakka, Bojpoori

Indo-Mauritian (68%); Creole (27%); Sino-Mauritian (3%); Franco-Mauritian (2%)

Morocco

Arabic, French, Berber dialects, Spanish

Arab-Berber (99.1%); Other (0.7%); Jewish (0.2%)

Mozambique

Portuguese, Bantu languages

Indigenous tribal groups (99.6%) [Shangaan, Chokwe, Manyika, Sena, Makua, & Others], Europeans (0.06%); Euro-Africans (0.2%); Indians (0.08%)

Namibia

Afrikaans, German, English, several indigenous

Black (87.5%); White (6%); Mixed (6.5%). Note: about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe & 9% to the Kavangos tribe; other ethnic groups are Herero (7%); Damara (7%); Nama (5%); Caprivian (4%); Bushmen (3%); Baster (2%); Tswana (0.5%)

Niger

French; Hausa; Songhai; Arabic

Hausa (56%); Djerma (22%); Fula (8.5%); Tuareg (8%); Beri Beri (Kanouri) (4.3%); Arab, Toubou & Gourmantche (1.2%); about 4,000 French expatriates

Nigeria

English, Hausa, Yoruba, Ibo, & more than 200 others

Hausa, Fulani, Yoruba, Ibo, Kanuri, Ibibio, Tiv, Ijaw

Rwanda

Kinyarwanda, French, & English

Hutu (84%); Tutsi (15%); Twa (Pygmoid) (1%)

So Tom & Prncipe

Portuguese

Mestico, Angolares [descendants of Angolan slaves], Forros [descendants of freed slaves], Servicais [contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, & Cape Verde], Tongas [children of Servicais born on the islands], Europeans [primarily Portuguese]

Senegal

French; Wolof, Serer, other ethnic dialects

Wolof (36%); Fulani (17%) Serer (17%) Toucouleur (9%); Diola (9%); Mandingo (9%); European & Lebanese (1%); Other (2%)

Seychelles

English and French, & Seselwa (a Creole)

Seychellois (mixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans)

Sierra Leone

English, Mende, Temne, Krio

20 Native African tribes (90%) [Temne (30%), Mende (30%), Other (30%)]; Creole, European, Lebanese & Asian (20%)

Somalia

Somali, Arabic, English, Italian

Somali (85%); Bantu, Arabs

South Africa

Xhosa & Zulu, English, Afrikaans, Ndebele, Sesotho sa Leboa, Sesotho, Swati, Xitsonga, Setswana, Tshivenda

Black (75.2%); White (13.6%); Colored (8.6%); Indian (2.6%)

Sudan

Arabic, English, tribal dialects

Black (52%); Arab (39%); Beja (6%); Other (3%)

Swaziland

English & Swazi

African 97%, European 3%

Tanzania

Swahili & English, local languages

Mainland: Native African [95% Bantu, consisting of well over 100 tribes] (99%); Asian, European & Arab (1%). Zanzibar: Arab, mixed Arab & Native African

Togo

French, Ew, Mina (South), Kaby, Cotocoli (North), & many dialects

Native African [37 tribes; largest & most important are Ewe, Mina & Kabre] (99%); European & Syrian-Lebanese (<1%)

Tunisia

Arabic, French

Arab-Berber (98%); European (1%); Jewish (<1%)

Uganda

English, Swahili, Luganda, Ateso, Luo

Baganda (17%); Karamojong (12%); Basogo (8%); Iteso (8%); Langi (6%); Rwanda (6%); Bagisu (5%); Acholi (4%); Lugbara (4%); Bunyoro (3%) Batobo (3%); European, Asian, Arab (1%); Other (23%)

Zambia

English & local dialects

African (98.7%); European (1.1%); other (0.2%)

Zimbabwe

English, Ndebele, Shona (85%)

African (98%) [Shona (82%), Ndebele (14%), other (2%)]; White (1%); Mixed & Asian (1%)