| Country |
Languages
(Official in Bold) |
Ethnicity
& Race |
|
Albania |
Albanian (Tosk is the official dialect), Greek |
Albanian (95%); Greeks (3%); Other [ Vlachs, Gypsies, Serbs, &
Bulgarians] (2%) [1989 est.] |
|
Andorra |
Cataln, French, Castilian, Portuguese |
Spanish (43%); Andorran (33%); Portuguese (11%); French (7%);
Other (6%) |
|
Armenia |
Armenian |
Armenian (93%); Russian (2%); Azeri (1%); Other [mostly Yezidi
Kurds] (4%) [2002]. Note: As of the end of 1993, virtually all Azeris had
emigrated from Armenia |
|
Austria |
German 98%, small Slovene, Croatian, & Hungarian speaking
minorities |
German (88%); non-nationals [includes Croatians, Slovenes,
Hungarians, Czechs, Slovaks, Roma] ( 9.3%), naturalized (2%) |
|
Azerbaijan |
Azerbaijani Turkic, Russian, Armenian |
Azeri (90%); Dagestani (3.2%); Russian (2.5%); Armenian (2%),
Other (2.3%) [1998 est.]. Note: Almost all Armenians live in the separatist
Nagorno-Karabakh region |
|
Belarus |
Belorussian (White Russian) |
Belorussian (81.2%); Russian (11.4%); Polish, Ukrainian & other
(7.4%) |
|
Belgium |
Dutch (Flemish), French, German |
Fleming (58%); Walloon (31%); Mixed or Other (11%) |
|
Bosnia & Herzegovina |
The language that used to be known as Serbo-Croatian but is now
known as Serbian, Croatian, or Bosnian, depending on the speaker's
ethnic & political affiliation. It is written in Latin & Cyrillic |
Serb (37.1%); Bosniak (48%); Croat (14.3%); Other (0.5%) [2000] |
|
Bulgaria |
Bulgarian |
Bulgarian (83.6%); Turk (9.5%); Roma (4.6%); Other [including
Macedonian, Armenian, Tatar, Circassian] (2.3%) |
|
Croatia |
What was once known as Serbo-Croatian is now known as Serbian,
Croatian, or Bosnian, depending on the speaker's political & ethnic affiliation. It is written in Latin
&
Cyrillic |
Croat (78.1%); Serb (12.2%); Bosniak (0.9%); Hungarian (0.5%); Slovenian
(0.5%); Others (8.1%) [1991] |
|
Czech Republic |
Czech, Slovak minority |
Czech (81.2%); Moravian (13.2%); Slovak (3.1%); Polish (0.6%); German
(0.5%); Roma (Gypsy) (0.3%); Hungarian (0.2%); Other (0.5%) |
|
Denmark |
Danish, Faeroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), small
German-speaking minority |
Scandinavian, Eskimo, Faeroese, German |
|
Estonia |
Estonian, Russian, Finnish, English |
Estonian (65.3%); Russian (28.1%); Ukrainian (2.5%); Belorussian
(1.5%);
Finn (1%); Other (1.6%) [1998] |
|
Finland |
Finnish & Swedish, small Sami (Lapp) &
Russian speaking minorities |
Finn (93%); Swede (6%); Sami [Lapp] (0.11%); Romany [Gypsy]
(0.12%);
Tatar (0.02%) |
|
France |
French, declining regional dialects (Provenal, Breton,
Alsatian, Corsican) |
Celtic & Latin with Teutonic, Slavic, North African, Southeast
Asian, & Basque minorities |
|
Georgia |
Georgian, Russian, Armenian, Azerbaijani |
Georgian (70.1%); Armenian (8.1%); Russian (6.3%); Azeri (5.7%); Ossetian
(3%); Abkhaz (1.8%); Other (5%) |
|
Germany |
German |
German (91.5%); Turkish (2.4%); Italians (0.7%); Greeks (0.4%); Poles
(0.4%); other (4.6%) |
|
Greece |
Greek |
Greek (98%); Other (2%). note: The Greek government states there are
no ethnic divisions in Greece |
|
Hungary |
Magyar (Hungarian) 98.2%, Other 1.8% |
Hungarian (89.9%); Gypsy (4%); German (2.6%); Serb (2%); Slovak
(0.8%);
Romanian (0.7%) |
|
Iceland |
Icelandic |
Homogeneous mixture of descendants of Norwegians & Celts |
|
Ireland |
English, Irish Gaelic |
Celtic, English |
|
Italy |
Italian, small German, French & Slovene speaking minorities |
Italian [incl small clusters of German, French & Slovene-Italians in the north
& Albanian-Italians & Greek-Italians in the south], Sicilians, Sardinians |
|
Latvia |
Latvian |
Latvian (57.7%); Russian (29.6%); Belorussian (4.1%); Ukrainian
(2.7%);
Polish (2.5%); Other (3.4%) |
|
Liechtenstein |
German, Alemmanic dialect |
Alemannic (86%); Italian, Turkish & other (14%) |
|
Lithuania |
Lithuanian, Polish, Russian |
Lithuanian (80.6%); Russian (8.7%); Polish (7%); Belorussian
(1.6%); Other (2.1%) |
|
Luxembourg |
Luxermbourgish, French, German |
Celtic base [with French & German blend], Portuguese,
Italian & European (guest & worker residents] |
|
Macedonia |
Macedonian (uses Cyrillic alphabet), Albanian, Turkish, other |
Macedonian (66.6%); Albanian (22.7%); Turkish (4%); Rom [Gypsy]
(2.2%);
Serb 2.1%, Other (2.4%) |
|
Malta |
Maltese & English |
Maltese [descendants of ancient Carthaginians & Phoenicians,
with strong elements of Italian & other Mediterranean stock],
Spanish, English, Arab |
|
Moldova |
Moldovan (virtually the same as Romanian), Russian,
Gagauz (a Turkish dialect) |
Moldavian/Romanian (64.5%); Ukrainian (13.8%); Russian (13%); Gagauz
(3.5%); Jewish (1.5%); Bulgarian (2%); Other (1.7%) [1989 figures] |
|
Monaco |
French, English, Italian, Mongasque |
French (47%); Monegasque (16%); Italian (16%); Other (21%) |
|
The Netherlands |
Dutch, Frisian |
Dutch (83%); Moroccans, Turks & Other ( 17%) [1988] |
|
Norway |
Bokml & Nynorsk |
Germanic [Nordic, Alpine, Baltic]; Lapps (Sami) |
|
Poland |
Polish |
Polish (97.6%); German (1.3%); Ukrainian (0.6%); Belorussian (0.5%)
[1990 est.] |
|
Portugal |
Portuguese |
Homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira
Islands; citizens of Black African descent who immigrated to
mainland during decolonization number less than 100K |
|
Romania |
Romanian, Hungarian & German speaking minorities |
Romanian (89.5%); Hungarian (6.6%); German (0.4%); Ukrainian, Serb,
Croat, Russian, Turk, & Gypsy (3.9%) |
|
Russia |
Russian, others |
Russian (81.5%); Tatar (3.8%);
Ukrainian (3%); Chuvash (1.2%); Bashkir (0.9%); Byelorussian (0.8%);
Moldavian (0.7%); Other (8.1%) |
|
San Marino |
Italian |
Sammarinese, Italian |
|
Serbia & Montenegro |
Serbian 95%, Albanian 5%. What was once known as Serbo-Croatian
is now known as Serbian, Croatian, or Bosnian, depending on the
speaker's political & ethnic affiliation. It is written in Latin
& Cyrillic |
Serbs (62.6%); Albanians (16.5%); Montenegrins (5%); Hungarians
(3.3%); Other (12.6%) |
|
Slovakia |
Slovak, Hungarian |
Slovak (85.7%); Hungarian (10.6%); Roma (1.6%); Czech (1%); Ruthenian
(0.3%); Ukrainian (0.3%); German (0.1%); Polish (0.1%) |
|
Slovenia |
Slovenian; most can also speak Serbo-Croatian |
Slovene (88%); Serbo-Croatian (5%); Bosniak (1%0;Other (6%) |
|
Spain |
Castilian Spanish, Catalan, Galician, Basque |
Composite of Mediterranean & Nordic types |
|
Sweden |
Swedish |
White (88%); Lapp (Sami), foreign-born or first-generation
immigrants [Finns, Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Greeks, Turks]
(12%) |
|
Switzerland |
German, French, Italian, Romansch |
German (65%); French (18%); Italian (10%); Romansch (1%); Other (6%) |
|
Turkey |
Turkish |
Turkish (80%); Kurdish (20%) |
|
Ukraine |
Ukrainian |
Ukrainian (77.8%); Russian (17.3%); Other (4.9%) |
|
United Kingdom |
English, Welsh, Scots Gaelic |
English (81.5%); Scottish (9.6%); Irish (2.4%); Welsh (1.9%); Ulster
(1.8%); West Indian, Indian, Pakistani & Other (2.8%) |
|
Vatican City (Holy See) |
Latin, Italian, & various other languages |
Italians, Swiss |
